Note: The following is based upon a portion of an earlier work.
For the complete version of the original publication, see:

Downing, L. L. (1994).  Criterion shaped behaviour: Pitfalls of performance appraisal.
International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 2, 1-21.

REFERENCES

Criterion Shaped Behavior:
 Pitfalls of Performance Appraisal

 Leslie L. Downing
 State University of New York
 College at Oneonta

REFERENCES

Bandura, A. (1977a).  Social learning theory.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ:  Prentice-Hall.

Bandura, A. (1977b).  Self-efficacy:  Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.  Psychological Review,
        84, 191-215.

Bersheid, E., and Walster, E. (1978).  Interpersonal attraction, (2nd ed.).  Reading, MA:  Addison-Wesley.

Brehm, S. S., and Kassin, S. M. (1990).  Social psychology. Boston:  Houghton Mifflin Co.

Brown, R., and Herrnstein, R. J. (1974).  Psychology.  Boston: Little, Brown and Co.

Bruner, J. S., and Tagiuri, R. (1954).  Person perception.  In G. Lindzey (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology
        (Vol. 2), pp. 634-654).  Reading, MA:  Addison-Wesley.

Byrne, D. (1971).  The attraction paradigm.  New York:  Academic Press.

Downing, L. L. (1975).  The prisoner's dilemma game as a problem solving phenomenon:  An outcome
        maximization interpretation. Simulation and Games, 6, 366-391.

Frederiksen, N. (1984).  The real test bias:  Influences of testing on teaching and learning.  American Psychologist,
        39, 193-202.

Gouldner, A. W. (1960).  The norm of reciprocity:  A preliminary statement.  American Sociological Review, 25,
        161-178.

Herrnstein, R. J. (1974).  Formal properties of the matching law. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
        21, 159-164.

Jones, E. E. (1964).  Ingratiation:  A social psychological analysis.  New York:  Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Kerr, S. (1975).  On the folly of rewarding A, while hoping for B. Academy of Management Journal, 18, 769-783.

Koretz, D. (1989).  The new national assessment:  What it can and cannot do.  NEA Today, 7, No. 6, 32-37.

Landy, F. J., and Trumbo, D. A. (1978).  Psychology of work behavior.  Homewood, Illinois:  The Dorsey Press.

New York Times.  (1989).  The statement by the President and Governors.  10/1/89, p. 22E.

Popham, W. H. (1983).  Measurement as an instructional catalyst. In R. B. Ekstrom (Ed.), New directions for
        testing and measurement:  Measurement, technology, and individuality in education.  No. 17 (pp. 19-30).
        San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Rotter, J. B. (1972).  Applications of a social learning theory of personality.  New York:  Holt.

Skinner, B. F. (1938).  The behavior of organisms:  An experimental analysis.  New York:  Appleton.

Skinner, B. F. (1953).  Science and human behavior.  New York: Macmillan.

Skinner, B. F. (1984).  The shame of American education. American Psychologist, 39, 947-954.

Smither, R. D. (1988).  The psychology of work.  New York: Harper and Row.

Thibaut, J. W., and Kelley, H. H. (1959).  The social psychology of groups.  New York:  Wiley.

Tolman, E. C. (1932).  Purposive behavior in animals and men. New York:  Century.

Tolman, E. C. (1948).  Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55, 189-208.

Thorndike, R. L. (1949).  Personnel selection.  New York:  Wiley.

U. S. Department of Education (1987).  The Nation's report card:  Improving the assessment of student
        achievement.

Webb, E. J., Campbell, D. T., Schwartz, R. D., and Sechrest, L. (1966).  Unobtrusive measures:  Non-reactive
        research in the social sciences.  Chicago:  Rand-McNally.

Wexley, K. N., and Yukl, G. A. (1977).  Organizational behavior and personnel psychology.  Homewood,
        Illinois:  Richard D. Irwin.
 

 
RETURN TO MAIN PAGE