abogado
(n.): lawyer
abrir (v.): to open
abuela (n.): grandmother
abuelos (n.): grandparents
académico (adj.): academic
accidente (n.): accident
advertir (v.): to warn, advise, alert
agua (n.): water
aguacate (n.): avocado
alemán (n., adj.): German
almorzar (v.): to eat lunch
|
almuerzo
(n.): lunch
alpinista (n.): mountain climber
alto (adj.): tall
alumno (n.): student
amor (n.): love
andar (v.): to walk, to walk around
animal (n.): animal
ansioso (adj.): anxious
aprender (v): to learn
árbol (n.): tree
arroz (n.): rice |
artista
(n.): artist
asistir (v.): to attend
aula (n.): classroom
bailar (v.): to dance
baloncesto (n.): basketball
basura (n.): garbage
bebé (n.): baby
beber (v.): to drink
bebida (n.): drink
besar (v.): to kiss
bicicleta (n.): bicycle |
bien
(adv.): well
borrar (v.): to erase
buen, bueno, buena (adj.): good
café (n.): coffee
cafetería (n.): dining hall, cafeteria
calculadora (n.): calculator
calle (n.): street
caminar (v.): to walk
campeonato (n.): championship
campo (n.): countryside
cansado (adj.): tired |
cantar
(v.): to sing
cariño (n.): affection
carne (n.): meat
casa (n.): house
cena (n.): dinner, supper
cenar (v.): to dine, to eat dinner
cerrar (v.): to close
chica (n.): girl
chico (n.): boy
chicos (n.): children, kids
chocolate (n.): chocolate
|
cinco:
five
cine (n.): movie theater
ciudad (n.): city
clase (n.): class
coche (n.): car
cochecito (n.): carriage
cocinar (v.): to cook
comer (v.): to eat
comida (n.): food; meal
compañero (n.): roommate
comprar (v.): to buy |
comprender
(v.): to understand
computador (n.): computer
con (prep.): with
confiar (v.): to trust
conjugar (v.): to conjugate
consejero (n.): advisor
contar (v.): to count; to recount, to tell (stories)
contar con (v.): to count on, to rely on
contigo (prep.+ pron.): with you (informal singular)
correr (v.): to run
costar (v.): to cost
|
cuadro (n.): painting
cuando (rel. pron.): when
cuarto (n.): room
cuchara (n.): spoon
dar (v.): to give
de (prep.): of, by, from
decir (v.): to say
defender (v.): to defend
deliciosa (adj.): delicious
dependienta (n.): salesperson
deportes (n.): sports |
desayunar
(v.): to eat breakfast
desayuno (n.): breakfast
descansar (v.): to rest
descender (v.): to descend
desear (v.): to desire, to want
despertador (n.): alarm clock
despertar (v.): to wake up
devolver (v.): to return, to give back
día (n.): day
dinero (n.): money
domingo (n.): Sunday
|
donde
(adv.): where
dormir (v.): to sleep
durante (prep.): during
ejercicio (n.): exercise
ella (pron.): she
ellos (pron.): they
empezar (v.): to start, begin
empleado (n.): employee
en (prep.): in, at, on
encender (v.): to turn on
encontrar (v.): to find |
enfermo
(adj.): sick
enojarse (v.): to get angry
ensalada (n.): salad
enseñar (v.): to teach
entender (v.): to understand
equipo (n.): team
eres: [see ser]
esa, ese (adj.): that
escribir (v.): to write
escuchar (v.): to listen
español (n., adj.): Spanish |
esquiar
(v.): to ski
esta, este (adj.): this
estar (v.): to be
estudiante (n.): student
estudiar (v.): to study
examen (n.): test, exam
familia (n.): family
fiesta (n.): party
final (adj.): final
frío (n.): cold |
fruta
(n.): fruit
fuertemente (adv.): strongly, loudly
fumar (v.): to smoke
fútbol (n.): soccer
ganar (v.): to win
gato (n.): cat
gente (n.): people
gripe (n.): flu, cold (illness)
guitarra (n.): guitar
habichuelas (n.): beans
hablar (v.): to speak, to talk
|
hacer
(v. irreg.): to do, to make
hambre (n.): hunger
hasta (prep.): until
helado (n.): ice cream
hermana (n.): sister
hermano (n.): brother
hierba (n.): grass
hijo (n.): son
hijos (n.): children, sons and daughters
historias (n.): stories
hombre (n.): man |
hoy
(adv.): today
inmediatamente (adv.): immediately
inocentes (n.): innocent people
instrucciones (n.): instructions
inteligente (adj.): intelligent
ir (v.): to go
joven, jóvenes (n.): young person(s)
juego (n.): game
jugar (v.): to play
junto con (prep.): next to, along with
lago (n.): lake |
lápiz
(n.): pencil
Latinoamérica (n.): Latin America
lavar (v.): to wash
lección (n.): lesson
leer (v.): to read
letra (n.): handwriting
levantar (v.): to lift
libre (adj.): free
libro (n.): book
limpiar (v.): to clean
llave (n.): key |
llegar
(v.): to arrive, to come
llevar (v.): to carry, to bring with you
llorar (v.): to cry
lo que (rel. pron.): that which
lotería (n.): lottery
madre (n.): mother
mal (adv.): bad, badly
malo, mala (adj.): bad
mañana (n.): morning
manejar (v.): to drive
manual (n.): manual
|
matemáticas
(n.): math
mentir (v.): to lie
mercado (n.): market
mesero (n.): waiter
mi / mis (adj.): my
mil: thousand
mientras (adv.): while
mirar (v.): to look
modelo (n.): model, example
moderno (adj.): modern
montaña (n.): mountain |
morir
(v.): to die
mostrar (v.): to show
mover (v.): to move
muchacho (n.): young man, boy
mucho, mucha (adj): much, a lot, a lot of
muchos, muchas (adj.): many
música (n.): music
muy (adv.): very
nada (n.): nothing
nadar (v.): to swim
necesitar (v.): to need |
ni
(conj.): nor
nietos (n.): grandchildren
nieve (n.): snow
niño, niña (n.): child (boy or girl)
noche (n.): night
nosotros, nosotras (pron.): we
nota (n.): note; grade
novia (n.): girlfriend
novios (n.): boy-and-girl-friend; couple
nuestro, nuestra (adj.): our
nuevo (adj.): new |
número
(n.): number
nunca (adv.): never
ocho: eight
oficina (n.): office
oír (v.): to hear
ojo (n.): eye
oler (v.): to smell, to stink
once: eleven
oral (adj.): oral, spoken
padre (n.): father
padres (n): parents
|
página
(n.): page
palabra (n.): word
papa (n.): potato
para (prep.): for, in order to
parque (n.): park
pastelería (n.): pastry shop
patinar (v.): to skate
patio (n.): patio, backyard
pedir (v.): to ask for, to order
pelota (n.): ball
pensar (v.): to think |
perder
(v.): to lose
perezoso (adj.): lazy
perfume (n.): perfume
perro (n.): dog
personas (n.): people
pesar (v.): to weigh
pesas (n.): weights
pescado (n.): fish (dead, ready for eating)
piña (n.): pineapple
pintar (v.): to paint
pizarra (n.): blackboard |
plato
(n.): plate
playa (n.): beach
pobres (n.): poor people
poder (v.): to be able to, 'can'
policía (n.): police, policeman or woman
pollo (n.): chicken (dead, ready for eating)
por (prep.): for
por favor: please
porque (conj.): because
postre (n.): dessert
practicar (v.): to practice |
preferir
(v.): to prefer
preparar (v.): to prepare
prestar (v.): to lend, to borrow
primero (adv.): first
probar (v.): to test, to sample, to try out
problema (n.): problem
profesor, profesora (n.): professor
próximo (adj.): next
público (adj.): public
puerta (n.): door
punto (n.): point
|
qué
(interrog.): what
quebrar (v.): to break
querer (v.): to want
queso (n.): cheese
quiosco (n.): kiosk, small shop or
stand
in a park
radio (n.): radio
rápidamente (adv.): quickly, rapidly
rápido (adv.): quickly, rapidly
recordar (v.): to remember
regular (adj.): regular, normal
|
reír
(v.): to laugh
repetir (v.): to repeat
resolver (v.): to solve
restaurante (n.): restaurant
sábado (n.): Saturday
saber (v.): to know
sacar (v.): to take out; to receive a grade
saludar (v.): to greet, to say hello
seguir (v.): to follow
seis: six
semana (n.): week
|
semestre
(n.): semester
sentado (adj.): seated, sitting
sentir (v.): to feel
ser (v.): to be
servir (v.): to serve
siempre (adv.): always
sin (prep.): without
sobre (prep.): about, above
soler (v.): to be in the habit of
sonar (v.): to ring, to sound
soñar con (v.): to dream about
|
sonreír
(v.): to smile
sopa (n.): soup
su (adj.): his, her (formal)
sus (adj.): their, your (formal)
tarde (adv.): late
tarde (n.): afternoon, early evening
tarea (n.): homework
temprano (adv.): early
tener (v.): to have
tiempo (n.): time
tocineta (n.): bacon
tocar (v.): to play a musical
instrument, to touch
|
todo
(adj.): all
todos (adj.): all, every
tomar (v.): to take; to drink
tormenta (n.): storm
trabajar (v.): to work
tranquilamente (adv.): quietly, calmly, tranquilly
tres: three
tú (pron.): you (informal singular)
tu, tus (adj.): your (informal)
un (adj.): a, an
universidad (n.): university, college |
usar
(v.): to use
usted (pron.): you (formal, singular)
ustedes (pron.): you (formal, plural)
va: [see ir]
vacaciones (n.): vacation
vegetales (n.): vegetables
vender (v.): to sell
ventana (n.): window
verano (n.): summer
verbo (n.): verb
verdad (n.): truth |
verduras
(n.): greens, vegetables
vestido (n.): dress
vez, veces (n.): time (instance), times
viejo (adj.): old
viento (n.): wind
viernes (n.): Friday
volver (v.): to return, to come back
vosotros (pron.): you (informal, plural)
vuestro, vuestra (adj.): your
y (conj.): and
yo (pron.): I |
Infinitives
Ending In - AR |
| Person |
Ending |
Example
Verb |
English
Meaning |
| |
|
hablar |
to
speak |
| yo |
-o |
hablo |
I
speak |
| tú |
-as |
hablas |
you
speak (informal singular) |
| él/ella/Ud. |
-a |
habla |
he/she
speaks/you speak (formal singular) |
| nosotros |
-amos |
hablamos |
we
speak |
| vosotros |
-aís |
habláis |
you
speak (informal plural) |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. |
-an |
hablan |
they
speak / you speak (formal plural) |
Infinitives
Ending In - ER |
| Person |
Ending |
Example
Verb |
English
Meaning |
| |
|
comer |
to
eat |
| yo |
-o |
como |
I
eat |
| tú |
-es |
comes |
you
eat (informal singular) |
| él/ella/Ud. |
-e |
come |
he/she
eats / you eat (formal singular) |
| nosotros |
-emos |
comemos |
we
eat |
| vosotros |
-éis |
coméis |
you
eat (informal plural) |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. |
-en |
comen |
they
eat / you eat (formal plural) |
Infinitives
Ending In - IR |
| Person |
Ending |
Example
Verb |
English
Meaning |
| |
|
vivir |
to
live |
| yo |
-o |
vivo |
I
live |
| tú |
-es |
vives |
you
live (informal singular) |
| él/ella/Ud. |
-e |
vive |
he/she
lives / you live (formal singular) |
| nosotros |
-imos |
vivimos |
we
live |
| vosotros |
-ís |
vivís |
you
live (informal plural) |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. |
-en |
viven |
they
live / you live (formal plural) |
Spelling
Rules |
| These
rules are true for all words in Spanish-- where they apply, the
verbs are not exactly irregular, but the conjugation will have
to be adjusted. |
| A). |
'Z' changes
to SOFT 'C' before 'I' and 'E'; Likewise: SOFT 'C' changes to
'Z' before 'A', 'O', 'U'
This does not affect any verbs in the present indicative tense. |
| B). |
HARD 'C'
changes to 'QU' before 'I' and 'E'; Likewise, 'QU' changes to
HARD 'C' before 'A', 'O', 'U'
This does not affect any verbs in the present indicative tense. |
| C). |
SOFT 'G'
changes to 'J' before 'A', 'O', 'U'
escoger ==> yo escojo, tú escoges . . .
elegir ==> yo elijo, tú eliges . . . |
| D). |
HARD 'G'
changes to 'GU' before 'I' and 'E'; Likewise, 'GU' changes to
HARD 'G' before 'A', 'O', 'U'
seguir ==> yo sigo, tú sigues . . |
| |
| |
STEM-CHANGING
PRESENT INDICATIVE CONJUGATIONS |
|
These changes
do not affect the 'nosotros' and 'vosotros' (first- and second-person
plural) forms. These changes only affect the final vowels in the
stem of the verb (just before the verb ending):
e.g. repetir (e-i) ==> repito preferir
(e-ie) ==> prefiero
The verb endings follow the normal patterns. |
A)
'O' to 'UE'
| dormir
(to sleep) |
| duermo |
Dormimos |
|
duermes |
Dormís |
| duerme |
Duermen |
Verbs in this category include: almorzar, contar,
costar, devolver, dormir, encontrar, jugar, morir, mostrar,
mover, poder, probar, recordar, resolver, soler, sonar,
soñar, volver |
B)
'E' to 'IE'
| pensar
(to think) |
| pienso |
Pensamos |
| piensas |
Pensáis |
| piensa |
Piensan |
Verbs
in this category include: advertir, cerrar, defender,
descender, despertar, empezar, encender, entender, mentir,
pensar, perder, preferir, quebrar, querer, sentar, sentir,
tener |
C)
'E' to 'I'
| pedir
(to request) |
| pido |
Pedimos |
| pides |
Pedís |
| pide |
Piden |
Verbs in this category include: pedir, repetir,
reír, seguir, servir, sonreír |
|
| |
IRREGULAR
PRESENT INDICATIVE CONJUGATIONS |
|
| A)
Verbs with Irregular 'YO' Forms: the
irregularity is limited to the 'yo' form (first person singular)
- the rest of the conjugation follows the regular patterns. |
|
infinitive
aparecer
caber
caer
conducir
conocer
dar
§decir
hacer |
'yo'
form
aparezco
quepo
caigo
conduzco
conozco
doy
digo
hago |
English
meaning
I appear
I fit inside
I fall
I drive
I know
I give
I say, I tell
I do, I make |
|
infinitive
†oír
poner
saber
salir
§tener
§venir
ver
|
'yo'
form
oigo
pongo
sé
salgo
tengo
vengo
veo |
English
meaning
I hear
I put
I know
I leave
I have
I come
I see |
|
|
B)
Verbs with Other Irregularities: Some verb
irregularities do not fall into clear categories.
estar:
estoy, estás está, estamos, estáis,
están
ir: voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
oír: oigo, oyes, oye, oímos,
oís, oyen
oler: huelo, hueles, huele,
olemos, oléis, huelen
ser: soy eres, es, somos, sois, son |
|
§
also stem change
† additional
irregularity |
|
